With permission from King Charles V of Spain, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541) set out to conquer and govern Peru in January 1531. On November 16, 1532, he met the army of Incan Emperor Atahualpa at Cajamarca, Peru. When Atahualpa refused to acknowledge the supremacy of King Charles V of Spain and accept the Christian religion, Pizarro ordered an attack and the emperor was taken prisoner. Atahualpa bargained for his life by keeping his promise to fill, twice with silver and once with gold, the large room in which he was held. In spite of this, the Spaniards charged Atahualpa with "crimes against the Spanish King" and executed him by strangulation on August 29, 1533. In the last moments before his death, Atahualpa uttered: "Cocaine shall fortify the Indian and destroy the white man." Although the Indians have chewed the coca leaf for centuries (without apparent side effects) and consider it sacred, they are not known to use the "evil" powdered, processed derivative which the Incan emperor predicted would destroy the white man.